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- Burned Daub
Two pieces of burned daub were recovered from the site. These are remnant pieces a secondary structure with a large shallow hearth, possibly used for cooking. The presence of the daub, as well as the configuration of the structure remains, indicate it was built of small poles and brush perhaps covered with a thin layer of mud or clay. - Mammal Bone
This is an ulnar carpal from a medium to large mammal, one of the few identifiable bones found on the site. Like the other faunal remains recovered during excavation, this bone was burned. - Corn Impression
Excavations just outside the pit house produced a piece of fired clay with corn (maize) cob impressions. Just a fragment, this piece is thought to have been part of a clay stopper used to seal a jar in which corn was stored; it is likely it was unfired until the burning of the pit house. - Animal Bone
This is a burned piece of animal bone found at the site. The size and condition of the bone suggests it came from a medium to large mammal that was consumed as food. Other bones were made into tools, including the awl found within the hearth. - Hearth
This is the excavated hearth (fire pit) within the pit house. The builders of the pit house dug the hearth deeply into decaying limestone bedrock, and within this hearth archaeologists found a stone bead, a bone awl, and a charred juniper seed. The hearth was intentionally filled prior to the destruction of the house, with charcoal, ash, and rock packed in around a large piece of wood placed nearly vertically within it. Additional ash and charcoal was mounded over the filled hearth, with several large limestone rocks then placed over the mound, and over this lay a layer of yellowish, clayey fill and small limestone rocks that had apparently been used to cover the floor. Scientific study of the hearth fill indicates sagebrush and a woody member of the rose family (perhaps cliffrose)were burned in the hearth, as were juniper and pine. A few fragments of bone were also present, likely representing food remains tossed into the fire after a meal, one of which was a mammal—perhaps bison or sheep—roasted over the fire. Prickly pear and yucca may also have been cooked here, as was corn (Zea mays) and perhaps juniper, goosefoot, purslane, ricegrass, and wild licorice, as well as walnuts, acorn, and hazelnut. - Impression, Close View
Detail of the maize cob impression. The fragment was likely part of a clay jar stopper. - Structure
A smaller, rectangular structure was associated with the pit house. This consisted of a small, shallow building built of poles and brush and outlined with masonry. Inside, a large hearth occupied much of the interior, leading to the conclusion that this structure was used primarily for cooking. Analysis of samples taken from within the structure indicate that juniper, pine, oak, and a woody member of the rose family (perhaps cliffrose) were used as fuel, and that maize, prickly pear, and members of the Cheno-Am group(goosefoot and amaranth) were likely cooked as food, as were yucca, mesquite, blueberries, and possibly sheep and bison, as well. - Projectile Points
Surprisingly, the projectile points (used to tip darts and arrows) recovered from the site are not typical of Cohonina-style points, and instead resemble styles used by earlier peoples (right) and Kayenta or Fremont hunters (left). - Stone Bead
One of the artifacts recovered from the hearth of the pit house was this stone bead. Sediment still clings to the bead, which was likely made of steatite, a soft stone commonly used for beads in the prehistoric northern Southwest. - Shell
A single shell was recovered from the surface of the site. This was an intact and unmodified Turritella sp. (possibly T. leucostoma) shell measuring 25.73 mm long. - Floyd Black-on-gray, Close View
This photograph shows the broken edge of a piece of Floyd Black-on-gray pottery. The larger pieces that look like sand are called temper, which is used to strengthen ceramic vessels. Temper also helps archaeologists identify ceramic wares and types, and in some cases, can be used to determine where the vessel itself was made. - Tusayan White Ware
Tusayan White Ware is a ceramic type associated with the Kayenta archaeological culture of northeastern Arizona. These likely arrived at the site through trade. - Polishing Stone
This small, round stone found on the surface of the site may have been a smoothing or polishing stone, tools used most commonly in pottery manufacture. Other ground stone artifacts recovered from the site include grinding tools, such as manos and metates, used to process seeds, corn, and other foods, and abrading tools used in stone tool manufacture and perhaps hide processing. - Tsegi Orange Ware
The mend holes in these Tsegi Orange Ware sherds may indicate the value of traded wares, as holes like these were drilled on either side of a crack and then threaded with cotton or yucca thread or sinew to bind the crack and prolong the life of the vessel. - Awl, Close View
A detailed view of the worn or polished ridges on the side of the awl recovered from the pit house hearth.