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- Split Twig Figurine
Description: Split twig figurine made from willow with a continuous warp. Dimensions: 6.3 cm long, 6.3 cm high. Collection: On display at the Tuzigoot National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card). - Wooden Loom Roller
Cultural Period: Ancestral Puebloan Description: Belt loom roller notched at each end and bearing fire marks in some places. Dimensions: Unknown. Collection: On display at Navajo National Monument (Catalog No. 3471). - Agave Stalks
Description: Two agave stalks connected by a yucca cord. Dimensions: Each stalk is about 18 cm long. Collection: On display at the Tuzigoot National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card). - Drill Bound with Yucca, Detail
Description: White chert drill bound between two strips of wood and bound with yucca straps and cotton string. Dimensions: Unknown. Provenience: Upper Ruin. Collection: WACC, Tonto National Monument (Catalog No. TONT 480). - Agave Stalk
Description: A section of agave stalk into the end of which a stick was inserted and attached to a piece of cordage. Dimensions: Approximately 15 cm long (stalk). Collection: On display at the Tuzigoot National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card). - Fire Drill Shaft
Description: Fire drill shaft. Dimensions: Approximately 38 cm long. Collection: On display at the Montezuma Castle National Monument Visitor Center (Catalog No. MOCA 439). - Oak Planting Stick
Description: Crooked oak planting stick, flattened on one end and found sticking out of trash in the back of a small cave several miles up Sycamore Canyon. Dimensions: 128.5 cm. Collection: On display at the Tuzigoot National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card). - Room Interior, Keet Seel, 2006
Description: Room interior, Keet Seel. Date: 2006 Collection: Navajo National Monument. - Roof Beams
The two beams at the rear of the room above have been in place for 800 years. Tree-ring dates obtained from various beams in the pueblo span from 1106 to 1220 but cluster around three periods: 1137, 1160, and 1190. This suggests specific periods of construction, or at least beam cutting. Many room walls also abut one another-evidence that a room was added on to one already in place. Perhaps the various building phases mark the arrival of clans, each bringing something different to the community, resulting in the "cultural brew" that makes Wupatki so unusual. Some archeologists see cultural traditions, such as Sinagua and Kayenta, not as "people" or genetic and ethnic groups, but rather as inhabited geographic regions experiencing a dynamic ebb-and-flow of populations. Migrations brought people together creating cultural dominance in some areas and shared cultural traits in others. Seen this way, specific traditions such as black-on-white pottery and T-shaped doorways could have been maintained over centuries by peoples of different linguistic and ethnic backgrounds. - Bow and Arrows
Cultural Period: Puebloan Description: Sinew wrapped bow and arrows. The bow is strung with sinew, and reinforced with the same material, but a crack runs crosswise through the center of the arch. Both arrows have sinew-bound feather fletching and stone points and painted red nock ends. The three-feathered arrow is known to be a replica, and it is likely the other is as well. Provenience: Unknown. Collection: National Park Service, El Morro. - Grant Negative 32
Subject: Wood and stone artifacts, Montezuma Castle National Monument. Date: ca. mid-1940s Collection: WACC: Montezuma Castle/Well. - Walnut or Oak Digging Stick
Description: Walnut or oak digging stick slightly flattened on one end. Dimensions: 147.5 cm long, 2.5 cm diameter. Collection: On display at the Tuzigoot National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card). - Fire Drill Hearth
Description: Fire drill hearth with several burned holes made from use with a fire drill shaft. Dimensions: Approximately 23.5 cm long. Collection: On display at the Montezuma Castle National Monument Visitor Center (Catalog No. MOCA 440). - Mesquite (Prosopis spp.)
Common name: Mesquite Scientific name: Prosopis spp. Description: Mesquite is a relatively common tree in the southern Southwest, with a variety of species present as far north as the Verde Valley in Arizona. The tree grows relatively quickly, has catkin-like clusters of leaves, and sweet-smelling bead pods. The pods are either sweet or bitter depending on the variety. Uses: Mesquite has been an important food source for indigenous peoples. The Tohono O’odham (Papago) are on the verge of commercial success with this crop. Mesquite flour also has major conservation potential, in that it can be made into “bread” without baking. The Pima have traditionally crushed and soaked mesquite pods in water to produce a drink called vau. Mesquite wood is hard, attractive, and in high demand for quality furniture. Mesquite has recently surpassed hickory as the most popular smoke flavoring for food. Because of the overharvesting, its wood should not be used for this purpose; burning dried pods imparts the same flavor. Both indigenous peoples and early European/American settlers used the tree's inner bark as material for basketry, coarse fabrics, and medicine to treat a variety of disorders. Gum exuded from the stem is used for manufacture of candy (gumdrops), mucilage for mending pottery, and black dye. - Tree-ring Sample
Description: Dendrochronology sample from a Douglass Fir dating from the pith at A.D. 1013 to the outside ring at A.D. 1120. The ring marked "1064" is the most commonly accepted date for the eruption of the Sunset Crater volcano. Dimensions: 6.75 in (L), 1 in (Th). Collection: On display at the Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument Visitor Center (catalog card).